How to use the case converter
- Type or paste into Your text. A sample headline is there to start; it is selected the first time you click, so your paste replaces it.
- Click a case button. Converted text fills in at once and keeps updating as you type or switch buttons.
- For Title Case, choose a style in Title Case style: AP and APA, Chicago, or Capitalize every word.
- Press Copy output to put the result on your clipboard.
How each case is worked out
- Title Case: the first and last word, and the first word after a colon or a sentence end, are always capitalized. Articles (a, an, the), conjunctions such as and, but and or, and short prepositions (at, by, in, of, on, to) stay lowercase. AP and APA capitalize any word of four letters or more, such as With or From. Chicago also lowercases longer prepositions such as with, from and between. Words that already contain a capital inside, such as NASA or iPhone, are left as typed, and an all-caps line is lowercased first. The rules follow the APA title case guidance.
- Sentence case: everything is lowercased, then the first letter of each sentence and line, and the word "I", are capitalized.
- camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case: the text is split into words at spaces, punctuation, underscores, hyphens and camelCase joins (getHTTPResponse becomes get, HTTP, Response), then rejoined. Apostrophes are dropped without a break, so user's becomes users. Digits and accented letters are kept, and each line is converted on its own.
- aLtErNaTiNg and iNVERSE: alternating starts lowercase and flips on every letter; inverse swaps the case of each letter.
Worked example
The sample headline "how to make the most of an SEO audit: a guide for small businesses" (66 characters, 14 words) converts like this. Title Case with the AP and APA style gives "How to Make the Most of an SEO Audit: A Guide for Small Businesses": the first word, the word after the colon and every major word are capitalized, to, the, of, an and for stay lowercase, and SEO stays as typed. camelCase gives howToMakeTheMostOfAnSeoAuditAGuideForSmallBusinesses, and snake_case gives how_to_make_the_most_of_an_seo_audit_a_guide_for_small_businesses.
Limits and edge cases
No tool can tell a name from an ordinary word, so Sentence case lowercases London and SEO too; capitalize them again by hand. A preposition used as an adverb, as in "log in", is left lowercase. For URL slugs use the Text to Slug Converter, to strip accents first try the Accent Stripper, and to check the length of the result open the Word Counter.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between title case and sentence case?
Title case capitalizes the major words of a heading, such as "How to Make the Most of an SEO Audit". Sentence case capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns, as in "How to make the most of an SEO audit". Sentence case reads as more conversational, and title case as more formal.
Which title case style should I use: AP, APA or Chicago?
Use the style your publisher, school or editor requires. AP and APA capitalize every word of four letters or more, so they write "With" and "From". Chicago keeps all prepositions lowercase, so it writes "with" and "from". The two only differ on words like with, from, between and through.
When should I use camelCase and when snake_case?
Follow the convention of your language. JavaScript, Java and TypeScript use camelCase for variables and functions and PascalCase for classes. Python, Ruby and Rust use snake_case for variables and functions. CSS classes and URLs usually use kebab-case, and constants are written in CONSTANT_CASE.
What happens to punctuation in camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case?
Punctuation and symbols act as word breaks and are removed, so "Hello, World!" becomes helloWorld in camelCase. Apostrophes are dropped without a break, so user's becomes users. Digits and accented letters are kept as they are.
Sources: APA Style, Title case capitalization; Title case (Wikipedia), which summarizes the AP, Chicago and APA rules.